Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwhakakotahi hāora

Te kukū hāora o te pūwhakakotahi hāora

He maha ngā tāngata e pohehe ana ki te kukū hāora o tētahi pūwero hāora me te kukū hāora o te hāora e manawahia ana, e whakaaro ana he ariā kotahi. Inaa, he tino rerekē rāua. Ko te kukū hāora o tētahi pūwero hāora e pā ana ki te nui o te hāora kei roto, arā, ki te kīanga whānui, te parakore o te hāora e tukuna ana e te pūwero hāora. He rerekē ngā kukū hāora o ngā pūwero hāora rerekē. Hei whakarite i te whakamahinga roa me ngā pānga rongoā, he mea pai kia whiriwhiria he pūwero hāora e tutuki ana i te paerewa kukū hāora e tukuna ana, arā, 93±3%.

Te putanga hāora mōrahi o te pūwhakakotahi hāora

He tokomaha te hunga kāore i te mārama ki te tikanga o te 1L hāora whakapūmau, te 3L hāora whakapūmau, me te 5L hāora whakapūmau. Ko te tikanga, koinei te tere rere hāora mōrahi ia meneti ka taea e te whakapūmau hāora te whakarato i raro i te kaupapa o te kukū hāora kua whakamanahia. Ina neke ake te tere rere kua whakaritea i te tere rere hāora mōrahi, ka heke te kukū hāora, ā, ka heke anō hoki te pānga o te manawa hāora, kāore rānei he pānga.

I raro i te kaupapa o te whakatutuki i te paerewa ā-motu o te 93±3% te kukū hāora, ka taea te wehewehe i te pūwero hāora ki te 1L, 3L, 5L, me ētahi atu. Hei paerewa tohutoro hei tautuhi i te taupori e tika ana me te mahi a te pūwero hāora:

Pūwhakakotahi hāora 1L

Ko te pūwero hāora 1L he pūwero hāora e whakaputa ana i te hāora mōrahi o te 1L/min, mena ka tutuki te kukū hāora i te paerewa. He iti te utu o tēnei momo pūwero hāora, ā, he pai mō ngā wāhine hāpu e hiahia ana ki te manawa hāora whānui me ngā kaimahi hinengaro e mahi ana, e ako ana mō te wā roa (pērā i ngā ākonga, ngā kaimahi tari mā). Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki hauora, ā, ka taea te whakarato i te rongoā hāora mō te 30 meneti pea hei whakamamae i te ngenge wā poto me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te tangata.

Pūwhakakotahi hāora 3L

Ka taea e te pūwero hāora 3L te tutuki i ngā paerewa hāora hauora, me te putanga hāora mōrahi o te 3L/min. Arā, ka taea te whakarite i te tere rere o te hāora i roto i te awhe o te 0-3L/min, ā, ka taea anake te iti iho engari kaua e nui ake. Kāore e taea te whakanui ake i te tere rere ki runga ake i te 3L/min, ki te kore ka koretake te putanga o te hāora.

He rerekē ngā utu o tēnei momo pūwero hāora i runga i ngā waitohu rerekē. He pai mō te tiaki hauora kāinga, mō te manawa hāora mō te hunga kaumātua, mō te whakaora hāora rānei mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate mau tonu (pēnei i te ngoikore o te pūnaha manawa me te roro, te toto toto tiketike, te toto toto tiketike, te momona nui, me ētahi atu). Ko te kaupapa matua he whakanui ake i te kukū o te hāora i roto i te toto, me te ārai i te putanga mai o ētahi atu mate.

Pūwhakakotahi hāora 5L

Ina eke te pūwero hāora o te pūwero hāora 5L ki te paerewa, ka taea e te putanga hāora mōrahi te eke ki te 5L/min. He pai mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate mahi manawa (pērā i te mate pūkahukahu aukati mau tonu me te mate pūkahukahu). Ina eke te kukū hāora o te pūwero hāora 5L ki te paerewa, ka taea e te putanga hāora mōrahi te eke ki te 5L/min. He pai mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate mahi manawa (pērā i te mate pūkahukahu aukati mau tonu me te mate pūkahukahu).

Hei tauira, ki te kore e whakaurua te awe o ngā āhuatanga tūroro pēnei i te tere o te manawa me te rahinga o te tai, ina manawahia te hāora mā te cannula ihu, ko te kukū hāora whai hua (%) e tae atu ana ki ngā pukahukahu o te tūroro=21+4* te tere rere hāora o te pūwero hāora*te kukū hāora o te pūwero hāora.

Mena ka whakamahia mō ngā kaupapa rongoā, he mea pai kia hokona he pūwero hāora kāore e iti iho i te 3L te nui o te hāora e tukuna ana. Mō ngā tūroro e hiahia ana ki te rongoā hāora mō te wā roa, he mea pai kia whakamahia he pūwero hāora kāore e iti iho i te 5L. Ehara i te mea he whānui te awhe ka taea te whakarerekē, ā, ka taea te tuku me te whakapūmau i te kukū hāora e tukuna ana ki te neke atu i te 90%, kia tutuki ai he kaupapa rongoā pai.

Te wā tuku hāora tonu

Mena he pūwero hāora e whakamahia ana mō te hauora anake, he iti noa te rahi, he ngoikore te mahi whakamarara wera, ā, kāore e taea te mahi mō te wā roa. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūwero hāora hauora e whakamahia ana mō te maimoatanga ka taea te mahi 24 hāora ia rā, kāore he aukati.

Ko ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te COPD me te ngoikore o te manawa mau tonu, me manawa hāora mō te 15 hāora i ia rā, nō reira me hoko e rātou he mīhini whakaemi hāora ka taea te whakarato hāora mō te wā roa kia kore ai e tutuki i a rātou ngā hiahia maimoatanga.

Te taumata haruru o te pūwhakakotahi hāora

He mea pai kia whiriwhiria he pūwero hāora he iti te haruru. Me iti iho i te 45-48 tesibel te taumata haruru. Ki te kore, ka pā pea ki a koe anō me ētahi atu, inā koa i te pō. Ko te taumata whakahaere haruru e pā ana ki te taumata o te kaihanga pūwero hāora me te rahinga me te hanganga o te pūwero hāora. I te nuinga o te wā, he iti ake te haruru o ngā pūwero hāora nui nā te mea he nui te wāhi hei pupuri i ngā wāhanga ārai haruru me ngā hanganga o roto hei whakaiti i te haruru.

Ina mahi ana te pūwhakakotahi hāora, kaua e waiho ki tētahi wāhi iti, ki runga rānei i tētahi papa rakau, nā te mea ka nui ake ngā haruru, ngā oro rānei. Mō te hunga e tino pāngia ana e te haruru, ka tawhiti rawa te pūwhakakotahi hāora i te pūwhakakotahi hāora, ā, ka honoa mā tētahi ngongo manawa hāora roa ake.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwhakakotahi hāora

I mua i te hoko i tētahi pūwero hāora, me mārama hoki ki ngā tawhā nui o te pūwero hāora, me whai pūnaha tuku hāora pumau, whai hua hoki, me aro hoki ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

Kia mārama te take e hiahiatia ai te hāora

Ahakoa mō te hauora, mō te maimoatanga rānei, whiriwhiria he pūwero hāora e rite ana ki ō hiahia ka taea te whakatutuki i tō tere rere hāora mōrahi, te roa o te manawa hāora o ia rā, me ētahi atu tawhā. Hei tauira, ko ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te ngoikore o te manawa, te ngoikore o te ngākau, te ngoikore o te toto, te COPD me ētahi atu mate, me whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwero hāora kounga hauora ka taea te mahi 24 hāora ia rā, ā, ka mau tonu te kukū hāora ki te paerewa. Mena he wahine hapu koe, he ākonga rānei e whakamahi nui ana i tōna roro, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwero hāora 1-2L te utu iti, he kounga teitei hoki.

Te aro nui ki te "uara" o ngā pūwhakakotahi hāora

Me whiriwhiri tātou i ngā taputapu whakaemi hāora o ngā momo rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o te mate me te kaha ōhanga, arā, me whakaaro ngātahi tātou ki te "utu" me te "uara", ā, me karo i te whai noa i te "utu" iti me te kore e aro ki te "uara" o ngā ihirangi hangarau nui, ka puta he hua kino. Waihoki, kāore he take ki te moumou rauemi ki te hoko noa i te mea tino utu nui, kaua ki te mea tino tika.

Ko te mahi tika te mea tuatahi, ehara i te ataahua

He taputapu hauora, he taputapu tiaki hauora hoki ngā whakapūngao hāora kāinga, ehara i te mea hei whakaatu i te ataahua. Kaua e horoia ōu roro, kaua hoki e taka ki roto i te mahanga a ētahi pakihi e whiriwhiri ana i te āhua papai hei huarahi hokohoko nā te kore o te hangarau, engari kāore i te whai hua.

Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te manawa i te hāora mō te wā roa, me kaha te mīhini ki te mahi tonu. He pai ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi mīhini he rahi taurite, he mahi tino pai, he hanganga ā-roto kua tino pai, ā, he wāhi tino pai mō te whakamarara wera.

Mahi atomization

Ina koa mō ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e ngā mate manawa pēnei i te COPD me te huango, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tāpiringa hāora, engari ka taea hoki te mahi ngāwari me te watea i te maimoatanga manawa nebulizer i te kāinga, ka penapena i te wā o te toro atu ki te hōhipera me te rarangi, me te whakaiti hoki i te utu o te maimoatanga hauora.

Kōwhiria he kaihanga waitohu whai mana, whai ingoa pai hoki

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi pūwero hāora, he mea pai kia whiriwhiria he kaihanga, he waitohu rānei mō te pūwero hāora, he kaha, he ingoa pai, he kounga teitei, ā, he whanaketanga pumau mō te wā roa. He pai ake te whiriwhiri me te whakahaere me te ratonga whai muri i te hoko tino pai i te rohe. Ahakoa he waitohu ā-rohe, ā-iwi rānei, he mea nui te tiaki i muri i te hoko me te whakakapinga wāhanga. Ko te kaihanga waitohu kua whakamanahia anake ka taea te whakamana i te whanaketanga pumau me ngā ratonga tiaki i muri i te hoko. I taua wā anō, me hoko mā roto i ngā hongere whaimana me ngā tikanga katoa kia pai ake ai te tiaki.

Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahi i te whakapūmau hāora

E whā ngā "mataku" o ngā pūwhakakotahi hāora

Nō reira, i te wā e whakamahi ana i te pūwero hāora, kia matara atu i te ahi, i te mārama kaha tika (te rā), me ngā taiao pāmahana teitei; Kia tūpato ki te whakakapinga, te horoi me te patu huakita o te cannula ihu, te cannula hāora, te whakamakuku me te taputapu whakamahana hei ārai i te mate whakawhiti me te aukati cannula; Ki te kore e whakamahia te pūwero hāora mō te wā roa, me whakaweto te pūtake hiko, me ringihia te wai i roto i te pounamu whakamakuku, me muru te mata o te pūwero hāora, me hipoki ki te uhi kirihou, ā, me rongoa ki te wāhi maroke kāore he rā; I mua i te kawe i te mīhini, ringihia te wai i roto i te kapu whakamakuku. Ka kino ngā wāhanga nui o te wai, te makuku rānei i roto i te pūwero hāora (pērā i ngā tātari ngota, ngā compressor, ngā takirere whakahaere hau, me ētahi atu).

I te manawa o te hāora, kia tupato ki te whakarato i te whakamahana me te makuku e tika ana

Te pupuri i te pāmahana o37°CMe whakarite kia 95-100% te haumākū i roto i te ara manawa kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha mucociliary. Nō reira, me tika te haere o te hāora e manawahia ana mā roto i tētahi pounamu whakamakuku me ngā taputapu whakamahana e tika ana hei karo i te manawa i te hāora maroke me te haumākū ka whakaoho, ka kino hoki i te kiriuhi ara manawa, ka maroke ai te huware, ā, ka pā ki te mahi "kaikohi" o te cilia.

Ina tahuri te pūwero hāora, kaua e whakatūria te pūwero mita rere ki te kore; i te wā e manawa ana te hāora, kia tūpato ki te tirotiro mēnā kei te tūnga tauine tika te pūwero mita rere.

Ki te kore e whakamahia te mīhini whakaputa hāora tātari ngota mō te wā roa, ka heke te mahi a te tātari ngota, nō reira me aro nui ki te tīmatanga me te tiaki i te mahi.

Me motu te hiko o te pūwhakakotahi hāora ina kore e whakamahia, ina kore rānei e whakamahia. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te whakapaunga o te mīhini me te pūngao, engari he mea anō hoki mō te haumaru ahi.

Ina mahi te pūwero hāora, me whakanoho kia pumau, kia kaua e iti iho i te 20cm te whānui i ngā taha katoa, ā, me aro te taiao ki te hauhautanga me te kounga o te hau.

He rerekē ngā hiahia hāora mō ngā tāngata rerekē, mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Hei tauira, me whakahāngai te hunga e pupuri ana i te hauhā waro (pēnei i te COPD me te ngoikore o te manawa mau tonu) ki te hāora. I te nuinga o te wā, kaua e neke ake i te 3L/min te tere o te rere o te hāora, ā, he tika te 1-2L/min, nā te mea ka taea e te whakahāngai hāora kukū teitei te whakararu i te manawa o aua tūroro, ā, ka kino ake te āhua o rātou. Ahakoa he pai te whakahāngai hāora mō ngā wāhine hāpu, me aro hoki koe ki ngā tohutohu a te tākuta, me te karo hoki i te whakahāngai matapo i te hāora kukū teitei mō te wā roa.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūwero hāora mō te tiaki hauora me te whakaora hāora whānui (tae atu ki te plateau hypoxia, ngā mate manawa, ngā mate ngakau me ngā mate roro), engari kāore e taea te whakamahi mō te tautoko ora matatau i te wā e whakaorangia ana.